Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics of the region around Beijing, China   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

Jinli Huang  Dapeng Zhao   《Tectonophysics》2004,385(1-4):159-180

A detailed three-dimensional (3-D) P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the Chinese capital (Beijing) region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4–17 km in depth. We used 48,750 precise P-wave arrival times from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by a new digital seismic network consisting of 101 seismic stations equipped with high-sensitivity seismometers. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new insights into the geological structure and tectonics of the region, such as the lithological variations and large fault zones across the major geological terranes like the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological and topographic features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocities, respectively. The Taihangshan and Yanshan mountainous regions are generally imaged as broad high-velocity zones, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Velocity changes are visible across some of the large fault zones. Large crustal earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M=7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M=8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. In the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, however, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids. The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes.  相似文献   

Imaging low-velocity anomalies with the aid of seismic tomography     

I. Flecha  D. Martí  R. Carbonell  J. Escuder-Viruete  A. Prez-Estaún 《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):225

Theoretical considerations (Snell's law) suggest that low-velocity fanomalies are undersampled and therefore should be poorly resolved by inversion schemes based on ray-tracing methods. A synthetic study considering a 40×20 m low-velocity anomaly (300 m/s) placed at the center of a 400×50 m block with gradient background velocity model (from 3000 m/s at the surface to 4000 m/s at the base) indicates that the low ray density in ray-tracing coverage diagrams of tomographic inversion studies can be used as evidence for the existence of low-velocity anomalies. Combined normal incidence seismic reflection images and the velocity models obtained by tomographic inversions of first-arrival travel times form an efficient scheme to resolve low-velocity anomalies such as fracture zones. Furthermore, the velocity models derived from tomographic inversions are used in a wave equation datuming algorithm to account for statics caused by a strongly laterally variable shallow surface (weathering) layer and provide seismic reflection images of fracture zones (low-velocity anomaly) within a granitic pluton.  相似文献   

自电位层析成像的理论与实验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

龙海丽  郝锦绮 《地球物理学报》2005,48(6):1343-1349

为研究自电位异常场的物理机制，本文根据Patella半无限空间自电位层析成像的理论方法，对有限边界条件下的图像重建进行了研究，根据四边形界面处自电位的测量数据，重建出异常电荷的二维概率分布.文中对图像重建进行了数值模拟，分析了改进成像精度的措施，并对受压岩石的破裂过程开展了实验模拟研究，成像结果表明，实验中发现的岩石破裂的裂隙同正电荷出现的最大概率区域的位置基本一致，反映了裂隙尖端处正负电荷分离的微观过程.  相似文献   

Seismic tomography imaging of an unstable embankment     

Gian Piero Deidda  Gaetano Ranieri 《Engineering Geology》2005,82(1):32-42

Seismic tomography imaging was employed to make a diagnosis and choose a remedy for an embankment supported by a retaining wall showing clear evidence of structural instability. The geometry and structural characteristics of the wall, the inside geometry of cracks, and the physical parameters of the underground materials were the primary objectives of the geophysical survey. Seismic data were acquired along two vertical sections each one delimited by the lines of the sources within an inclined borehole and of the receivers lying on the ground. For each section, a total of 744 travel times were inverted to obtain compressional-wave velocities on a regular rectangular grid of squared cells (1 m × 1 m) using an inversion algorithm which is based on the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT). Ultrasonic tests carried out in laboratory on intact specimens, together with other supplemental site information, improved tomography resolution, allowing global and node constraints that forced the solution of the inverse problem to match known boundary values. Tomography imaged two high-velocity zones separated by a curved-shape low-velocity zone. The first ones were found to be compatible with the concrete retaining wall and with the schist materials, ranging from highly weathered to intact schist, while the low-velocity zone was interpreted as filling materials and/or completely decomposed rock schist. The combination of seismic tomography and laboratory measurements allowed extrapolation of important parameters over a large volume of rock mass, otherwise only representative of small rock samples near boreholes. It also enabled engineering characterization of subsurface rock mass, providing useful and accurate information to design a remedy for the embankment.  相似文献   

Rayleigh wave tomography in the North Atlantic: high resolution images of the Iceland, Azores and Eifel mantle plumes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sylvana Pilidou  Keith Priestley  Eric Debayle   lafur Gudmundsson 《Lithos》2005,79(3-4):453-474

Presented in this paper is a high resolution S_v-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy model for the upper mantle beneath the North Atlantic and surrounding region derived from the analysis of about 9000 fundamental and higher-mode Rayleigh waveforms. Much of the dataset comes from global and national digital seismic networks, but to improve the path coverage a number of instruments at coastal sites in northwest Europe, Iceland and eastern Greenland was deployed by us and a number of collaborators. The dense path coverage, the wide azimuthal distribution and the substantial higher-mode content of the dataset, as well as the relatively short path-lengths in the dataset have enabled us to build an upper mantle model with a horizontal resolution of a few hundred kilometers extending to 400 km depth. Low upper mantle velocities exist beneath three major hotspots: Iceland, the Azores and Eifel. The best depth resolution in the model occurs in NW Europe and in this area low S_v-velocities in the vicinity of the Eifel hotspot extend to about 400 km depth. Major negative velocity anomalies exist in the North Atlantic upper mantle beneath both Iceland and the Azores hotspots. Both anomalies are, above 200 km depth, 4–7% slow with respect to PREM and elongated along the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Low velocities extend to the south of Iceland beneath the Reykjanes Ridge where other geophysical and geochemical observations indicate the presence of hot plume material. The low velocities also extend beneath the Kolbeinsey Ridge north of Iceland, where there is also supporting geochemical evidence for the presence of hot plume material. The low-velocity upper mantle beneath the Kolbeinsey Ridge may also be associated with a plume beneath Jan Mayen. The anomaly associated with the Azores extends from about 25°N to 45°N along the ridge axis, which is in agreement with the area influenced by the Azores Plume, predicted from geophysical and geochemical observations. Compared to the anomaly associated with Iceland, the Azores anomaly is elongated further along the ridge, is shallower and decays more rapidly with depth. The fast propagation direction of horizontally propagating S_v-waves in the Atlantic south of Iceland correlates well with the east–west ridge-spreading direction at all depths and changes to a direction close to NS in the vicinity of Iceland.  相似文献   

Automated multimode inversion of surface and S waveforms     

Sergei Lebedev  Guust Nolet  Thomas Meier  Rob D. van der Hilst 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,162(3):951-964

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On sensitivity kernels for 'wave-equation' transmission tomography     

Maarten V. de Hoop  Robert D. van der Hilst 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(2):621-633

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Seismic structure of the Carnegie ridge and the nature of the Galápagos hotspot     

Valentí Sallarès  Philippe Charvis  Ernst R. Flueh  Joerg Bialas  the SALIERI Scientific Party 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,161(3):763-788

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三维介质中探地雷达(GPR)波传播逐段迭代射线追踪方法研究和应用     

曾昭发  高尔根 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2005,(Z1)

基于F erm at原理和Sne ll定理对三维任意界面情况下的两点间GPR波传播射线追踪问题进行了研究,采用了一个适用于任意界面情况下计算反(折)射点的一阶近似公式,从任意给定的初始路径出发进行逐段迭代计算,给出了三维逐段迭代射线追踪算法的计算格式,并进行了三维介质下射线追踪计算。结果表明计算速度相当快,且其计算精度可以根据需要达到任意要求。在此基础上,根据雷达波传播规律,考虑每一段的能量损失。根据地质雷达的发射子波,最终获得三维介质中雷达波传播和接收记录。并将结果应用于实际剖面拟合中,提高了解释的精度。  相似文献   

高密度电阻率法在水库堤坝隐患探测中的应用效果分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖从荣 《山西地震》2004,(3):12-15

介绍了高密度电阻率法的原理、野外采集数据的方法以及资料解释等基本理论。通过对某水库大坝探测成果的分析，说明了高密度电阻率法在堤坝隐患探测中的可行性和有效性；提出用高密度电阻率法探测构造地裂缝的设想。  相似文献